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negative reinforcement
This term is a technical concept from behavioral psychology, specifically operant conditioning. It is frequently confused with punishment, but they are opposites: punishment aims to decrease a behavior, whereas negative reinforcement aims to increase a behavior by removing an aversive condition. The word negative here refers to the subtraction or removal of a stimulus, not a negative outcome.
In professional and academic settings, it is used to describe mechanisms of motivation based on relief or avoidance. In casual conversation, people often mistakenly use it to mean "criticism" or "negative feedback," which is semantically incorrect in a psychological context.
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Ví dụ
The seatbelt chime is a classic example of negative reinforcement because the annoying sound only stops once you buckle up.
The seatbelt chime is a classic example of negative reinforcement because the annoying sound only stops once you buckle up.
I wonder if my boss is using negative reinforcement by only stopping the criticism when I finish my reports early.
I wonder if my boss is using negative reinforcement by only stopping the criticism when I finish my reports early.
Negative reinforcement differs from punishment because it increases a behavior rather than decreasing it.
Negative reinforcement differs from punishment because it increases a behavior rather than decreasing it.
The trainer used negative reinforcement to teach the dog to sit by applying light pressure to the collar until the dog complied.
The trainer used negative reinforcement to teach the dog to sit by applying light pressure to the collar until the dog complied.
Stop confusing negative reinforcement with punishment; one removes a bad thing to encourage a habit, while the other adds a bad thing to stop one.
Stop confusing negative reinforcement with punishment; one removes a bad thing to encourage a habit, while the other adds a bad thing to stop one.
Taking an aspirin to remove a headache is a form of negative reinforcement that makes you more likely to take the pill next time.
Taking an aspirin to remove a headache is a form of negative reinforcement that makes you more likely to take the pill next time.
The company implemented a policy of negative reinforcement where employees were exempt from weekend shifts if they met their monthly quota.
The company implemented a policy of negative reinforcement where employees were exempt from weekend shifts if they met their monthly quota.
She realized that her child was learning through negative reinforcement, cleaning the room just to make the nagging stop.
She realized that her child was learning through negative reinforcement, cleaning the room just to make the nagging stop.
The psychological study focused on how negative reinforcement can lead to avoidant personality traits over time.
The psychological study focused on how negative reinforcement can lead to avoidant personality traits over time.